The ELF specification is also used on Linux for the kernel itself and Linux kernel modules.ĭue to the extensible design of ELF files, the structure differs per file. Another example is shared libraries or even core dumps (those core or a.out files). We already have seen they can be used for partial pieces (object code). After all, trying out is the best way to learn and compare results.Ī common misconception is that ELF files are just for binaries or executables. Additionally, we have provided a small C program, which can you compile.

If you like to test commands, copy an existing binary and use that. This blog post will share a lot of commands. The result is a binary file, which then can be executed on that specific platform and CPU type. This object code is then linked into a full program, by using a linker tool. A compiler then translates these functions into object code. Instead of talking directly to the CPU, we use a programming language, using internal functions. A function could be something basic like opening a file on disk or showing something on the screen. So whatever operating system we run, it needs to translate common functions to the language of the CPU, also known as machine code.

Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR).

Generic understanding of how an operating system works.

Even if you program in a high-level language like Golang, you still might benefit from knowing what happens behind the scenes. Last but not least, for a better understanding while developing. Then there is the value of being able to research ELF files, especially after a security breach or discover suspicious files. When something goes wrong, we might better understand what happened (or why). As a starter, it helps to learn the inner workings of our operating system. Why learn the details of ELF?īefore diving into the more technical details, it might be good to explain why an understanding of the ELF format is useful. With the right tools, such file can be analyzed and better understood. ELF files are typically the output of a compiler or linker and are a binary format. The formal specification allows the operating system to interpreter its underlying machine instructions correctly. How can I see the file type of an unknown file?ĮLF is the abbreviation for Executable and Linkable Format and defines the structure for binaries, libraries, and core files.

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